International O3 Congress - Oxygen Medicine:

1st International Symposium in O3 Ozone Applications

Ozone Chemistry, Ozone Generators & Equipment Construction

October 31st to November 3rd 1990

• Ozone Chemistry:

O3 Ozonation of cocoa butter and stability of the ozonized product.

Cocoa butter is used in pharmaceutical cosmetic, and confectionery industries on a large scale because of its taste and its melting point between 33 - 35 oC very close to the human body temperature.

This is due to its composition in triglycerides and fatty acids, with 77 %, of triglycerides a-unsaturated and 21 % a-b-di-unsaturated, with a 38 - 40 % of oleic, 34 - 36 % stearic and 24 - 25 % palmitic acids.

This fat is very resistant to auto-oxidation, and it keeps with good quality indefinitely.

When it is submitted to the process of ozonization it presents the following features: - Only peroxide indexes lower than 400 are reached. - The melting point reaches values higher than 40 oC for an index very close to 400. The concentration of the peroxides in the ozonized product decreases fastly. These phenomena make difficult the use of this fat for medical purposes.

However, it has been demonstrated that the mixture of this fat with sunflower oil, in some proportions and both ozonized, presents the suitable features for creams and suppositories.

O3 Ozonization of sunflower oil in binary phase and stability of peroxides in each phase.

The experiments were carried out according to an experimental design which allowed to give appropriate interpretation about the stability of dissolved peroxides in aqueous or in oily phase

. Mixtures of water with oil from 0:1 to 1:5 v/v were prepared and then ozonized under the same experimental conditions of temperature (environmental), ozone/air flow (2000L/h), ozone concentration in air (18 mg/L), volume sample (5 L) and preservation of phases after having been ozonized (5 oC), aging time (60 - 120 d).

It can be pointed out that the content of peroxides dissolve in water is more uniform as to its stability during aging and it is at the same time superior in regards to the peroxides dissolved in oily phase.

We suppose this can be do to the fact that in the oily phase most of the products are short chain peroxides and the oligomers which exits in oily phase should be absent.

Production of O3 ozonized oil on a bench scale.

The efficiency of ozone upon the inactivation of bacteria, viruses and fungi is not obtained only when it is dissolved in water or in gas phase, but also when some compounds are ozonized until a high peroxide index is reached. This is the case of the ozonization of sunflower oil up to peroxide indexes of 500 - 600 units.

According to the satisfactory results obtained in the cure of varicose ulcers, serious burns, gingival stomatitis, and vulvo vaginal infections among others in relatively short times, it was necessary the production of ozonized oil on a large scale with an aim to meet the growing demand of this product.

This work shows the process and evaluation, in which the desing of reactor, time of residence, concentration of ozone and dosage applied are included, which guarantees and oil with a high index of peroxide in an interval from 6 to 8 hours.

Obtention of a catalyzer for the descomposition of residual O3 ozone.

Despite the numerous applications of ozone, this is an environmental contaminant and all the ozone produced which is not consumed, should be eliminated before being released to the environment.

A catalizer for the decomposition of ozone at environmental temperature was obtained, its catalytic effect is explained by means of an oxidation-reduction mechanism of the oxidation states II and III of iron and cobalt, with water of hydration and resonant forms of these oxidated and reduced stated; in this way, the destruction of ozone and its conversion into oxygen takes place, the catalyser remained without alteration during its use.

Experiments carried out allow us to assert that this catalyst is capable of destroying up to 3.5 g of ozone per hour, per gram of catalyst absorbed upon molecular sieve.

Program of national action for the protection of the ozone layer.

The work of the human being in Nature has transformed the atmosphere, threatening life on earth. Two major factors (the decrease of the ozone concentration in the stratosphere, and the greenhouse effect) have become the most important challenge for the whole mankind.

The cause of the problems stems from the oligogases produced by the activities of human beings. The destruction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere is mainly due to several substances which contain chlorine, specially the chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) which are produced exclusively on an industrial basis. Up to some years ago, its main field of application was the expansor agent or aerosol propellent. Meanwhile, the CFC are primordially used in the foamed of plastic materials; besides they are used as dissolvents and detergents and as refrigerating means in climatization and refrigeration systems.

The greenhouse effect is due to the following oligogases and is produced by the human being: Carbon dioxide, which currently increases up to 50 % of those gases and is in the main, the consequence of the combustion of fossil energetic agents; Methane, with roughly 19.5 % at present, as a result of the rice culture, of the losses due to the exploitation and the use of fossil or energetic sources, or livestock and the garbage deposits among other factors; The CFC, at present constitute the 17 %; To a lesser extent, ozone in stratosphere 8 % and the di-nitrogen oxide or laughing gas (N2O) 4 %.

The group of the CFC is one of the main causes of the destruction of the ozone layer and the greenhouse effect. These are industrial products which could most of them be replaced at present and in the coming years, almost totally by substances which do not contain chlorine or other alternatives which would not jeopardize the ozone layer.

Meanwhile, a series of countries have adopted several measures to reduce the CFC and moreover they have signed the first international agreements related to the protection of the ozone layer; The Vienna Agreement and the Montreal Protocol. Although these agreements are not enough, they do represent a first step, which will allow the fast application of additional and effective world-wide measures, based on the scientific knowledge which exist at present about this subject wand which can prevent catastrophic damages. The measures taken so far with the purpose to reduce the CFC. were mainly aimed at saving the ozone layer.

This paper will be presented together with 40 slides which illustrate the problems to have the population aware of this, and it is within the framework of National Action to fulfill the objectives of Montreal Protocol for the protection of the ozone layer.

• Ozone Generator Equipment Construction:

Design and construction of O3 ozone therapy chamber.

A chamber for local treatment with ozone in lesions spread through the whole body, specially for cases of patients with high percentages of burned surface was designed and constructed.

Ozone is supplied to the chamber from an ozonizer incorporated to it. The concentration of ozone is controlled between 2 and 80 mg/L. A screened table is added to increase the efficacy of the treatment.

Industrial O3 ozonizer of double tube.

The ozonizers are used today in different branches of industry, in systems for disinfection of waste waters, sugar bleaching and water treatment. An ozonizer using atmospheric air for ozone generation is presented. It includes a system for air drying, which eliminates the humidity contained in the air.

This equipment produces up to 20 g of ozone per hour, duplicating the capacity of previous ozonizers. Likewise, the necessary conditions for operation are presented, as well as its possibilities.

Design of a dielectric tube for O3 ozone generation

Mackay D.
Ozono Polaris, Puebla, Mexico.

The influence of thickness of glass, the air opening, pressure and air flow, humidity and cooling in the output of ozone is described, taking into account theoretical and empirical considerations.

Selection of an equipment for O3 ozonation of water.

Mackay D.
Ozono Polaris, Puebla, Mexico.

The main criteria used in the determination of the type and capacity of the ozone equipment, are shown. Examples are given about the selection, based on operational confidence, investment and operation cost.

O3 OZONOSIST.

Nowadays, the medical work becomes more complex and precise, owing to the research achievements, diagnostic and therapeutical means. This automated system fulfills a main objetive: to facilitate and make faster the medical work, with precision in the control of ozone applications in a group of medical affections.

With this, we achieve the immediate obtention of an up-to-date information of the results in the work and evolution of the patients studied. It is programmed in the database system FOXBASE PLUS for compatible computers IBM. It needs 640 kbytes of operative memory and a hard disk of at least 10 Mbytes.

Source: Ozone Research Center